We use energy in every thing we do: communication, transportation and comfortable living. Most of this energy is derived from heat or machines or electricity or chemicals or nuclear materials. Fossil fuels including oil and coal are also forms of energy and in fact they are also used to produce electric and heat energy.
Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of animals and plants that lived millions of years ago in aquatic environment. Over the years, these remains got covered by several layers of sand and rocks. Heat and pressure from these layers helped the remains turn into fuels like oil, coal and natural gas which are commonly considered as non-renewable sources of energy. Due to the potential of generating high revenue oil commonly referred to as "Black Go
ld". Oil and Natural Gas are two main resources flourishing the economy of the Sultanate of Oman. In the year 2007 the Oil & Gas sector are expected to contribute 79 per cent of the overall state public revenue of RO 4,490 million. The earliest reference to oil is found in Mesopotamia around 4000 BC, bitumen – a tar like substance, was used as sealant and resin for their ships. Egyptians have used a similar material for embalming and reinforcing their constructions. Roman emperors we are told carried crude-oil lamps. Chinese literature of the 3rd BC mentions the use of a viscous material capable of producing fire, presumably crude oil. Notably in the United States, the native Indians called the Senecas, collected the oil seeping out of natural springs and salt-wells and bottled it as a medicine called the "Seneca Oil". Be it for medicine or for adhesive, technology enabled the use of oil in its crude form in both extraction and purification. For efficient fuel extraction technology contributed the refinery process which was very primitive in the early stages of oil discovery. Just imagine that the Chinese use bamboo sticks to dig for oil. It is believed that Benjamin Jr, a chemist at Yale University, was hired to analyze the properties of the "Seneca Oil" as an illuminant. Although oil flows from natural springs in many places, it is obtained by digging a well and pumping the oil out. The first oil well drilled in United States by Edwin Drake in 1859 was only 69 feet deep and produced 15 barrels a day. He was backed up by Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company to survey oil reserves in Titusville, Pennsylvania, Later Texas and Oklahoma became the centers of US oil production leading to a boom.
Originally used as medicine, oil now produces several fuels such as diesel, kerosene, gasoline and jet fuel. Today almost all forms of locomotives like cars, trucks, buses, trains, ships and airplanes are all fueled by oil. Even the electricity used by trains can be produced by oil. Oil is used in our daily life in several ways. Apart from fuels several extracts of oil are used to produce lubricants and ethylene oxide that are petrochemical products. Some medicines like pain-relievers are manufactured from chemicals like acetylsalicylic acid extracted from petroleum. Certain cosmetics and personal care products commonly use Vaseline a petroleum jelly. This jelly also acts as a stabilizer in fire
works and explosives. Naphthalene a tar-based product is used to make moth balls to protect from pest and it is also used in insecticides. Due to this property some fertilizers used petroleum-based chemicals. Wax is another raw product derived from petroleum which is also used in shoe-polishes. Cleaning agents, detergents for clothes are also made from oil-based products. Most plastic products like synthetic fabric, rubber shoes, carpets, toys, food ware, containers, footwear, compact discs and cassette tapes are made from petrochemicals which are obtained while refining petroleum. Which are petrochemicals based. Even the polyester fabrics we use are made from petrochemicals. Several ink dyes are made from petrochemicals. Make-up creams, nail polish, lipstick, hair dye and perfumes are all made chemicals extracted from oil. Event the bottle of water we drink is created using petroleum products. Finally there is the residual material from purifying oil: the asphalt or tar is used to lay roads and seal water-proof tanks. After knowing all the above uses of oil, can you believe that once upon time oil was an unwelcome byproduct of salt wells drilled and abandoned due to oil contamination? So it is technology that has taught man to identify the potential uses of earth's natural resources and improve his life style and living.
Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of animals and plants that lived millions of years ago in aquatic environment. Over the years, these remains got covered by several layers of sand and rocks. Heat and pressure from these layers helped the remains turn into fuels like oil, coal and natural gas which are commonly considered as non-renewable sources of energy. Due to the potential of generating high revenue oil commonly referred to as "Black Go
ld". Oil and Natural Gas are two main resources flourishing the economy of the Sultanate of Oman. In the year 2007 the Oil & Gas sector are expected to contribute 79 per cent of the overall state public revenue of RO 4,490 million. The earliest reference to oil is found in Mesopotamia around 4000 BC, bitumen – a tar like substance, was used as sealant and resin for their ships. Egyptians have used a similar material for embalming and reinforcing their constructions. Roman emperors we are told carried crude-oil lamps. Chinese literature of the 3rd BC mentions the use of a viscous material capable of producing fire, presumably crude oil. Notably in the United States, the native Indians called the Senecas, collected the oil seeping out of natural springs and salt-wells and bottled it as a medicine called the "Seneca Oil". Be it for medicine or for adhesive, technology enabled the use of oil in its crude form in both extraction and purification. For efficient fuel extraction technology contributed the refinery process which was very primitive in the early stages of oil discovery. Just imagine that the Chinese use bamboo sticks to dig for oil. It is believed that Benjamin Jr, a chemist at Yale University, was hired to analyze the properties of the "Seneca Oil" as an illuminant. Although oil flows from natural springs in many places, it is obtained by digging a well and pumping the oil out. The first oil well drilled in United States by Edwin Drake in 1859 was only 69 feet deep and produced 15 barrels a day. He was backed up by Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company to survey oil reserves in Titusville, Pennsylvania, Later Texas and Oklahoma became the centers of US oil production leading to a boom.Originally used as medicine, oil now produces several fuels such as diesel, kerosene, gasoline and jet fuel. Today almost all forms of locomotives like cars, trucks, buses, trains, ships and airplanes are all fueled by oil. Even the electricity used by trains can be produced by oil. Oil is used in our daily life in several ways. Apart from fuels several extracts of oil are used to produce lubricants and ethylene oxide that are petrochemical products. Some medicines like pain-relievers are manufactured from chemicals like acetylsalicylic acid extracted from petroleum. Certain cosmetics and personal care products commonly use Vaseline a petroleum jelly. This jelly also acts as a stabilizer in fire
works and explosives. Naphthalene a tar-based product is used to make moth balls to protect from pest and it is also used in insecticides. Due to this property some fertilizers used petroleum-based chemicals. Wax is another raw product derived from petroleum which is also used in shoe-polishes. Cleaning agents, detergents for clothes are also made from oil-based products. Most plastic products like synthetic fabric, rubber shoes, carpets, toys, food ware, containers, footwear, compact discs and cassette tapes are made from petrochemicals which are obtained while refining petroleum. Which are petrochemicals based. Even the polyester fabrics we use are made from petrochemicals. Several ink dyes are made from petrochemicals. Make-up creams, nail polish, lipstick, hair dye and perfumes are all made chemicals extracted from oil. Event the bottle of water we drink is created using petroleum products. Finally there is the residual material from purifying oil: the asphalt or tar is used to lay roads and seal water-proof tanks. After knowing all the above uses of oil, can you believe that once upon time oil was an unwelcome byproduct of salt wells drilled and abandoned due to oil contamination? So it is technology that has taught man to identify the potential uses of earth's natural resources and improve his life style and living.
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